Spatial-temporal Evolution and Obstacle Degree Analysis of Urbanization Quality in Shandong Province

The urbanization quality index system was constructed from five aspects: population urbanization, economic urbanization, social urbanization, spatial urbanization and ecological urbanization. The entropy method was used to determine the index weight, and the urbanization quality of Shandong Province from 2011 to 2020 was comprehensively measured. The spatial and temporal characteristics of urbanization quality development in Shandong Province were analyzed by Arc-GIS software. Finally, the obstacle degree model was introduced to study the obstacle factors affecting the urbanization quality of Shandong Province. The results showed that : (1) From the temporal change of urbanization quality at the provincial level, the urbanization quality of Shandong Province in 2011—2020 was generally on the rise. The multi-year average of urbanization quality at the subsystem level was: social urbanization > spatial urbanization > population urbanization > economic urbanization > ecological urbanization. (2) From the spatial evolution of urbanization quality at the municipal level, the quality of urbanization in various regions of Shandong Province continued to improve from 2011 to 2020, and the internal differences gradually narrowed, gradually forming a regional agglomeration development pattern with Jinan and Qingdao as the “double core” and a urbanization quality pattern of “high in the east and low in the west” . (3) From the analysis of the obstacle degree of urbanization quality in Shandong Province, the built-up area (C₁₁), the number of college students per 10,000 people (C₉), and the total retail sales of social consumer goods (C₇) were the main obstacle factors affecting the quality of urbanization in Shandong Province, and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.