Abstract: There is causal relationship between fragileness of ecological environment and poverty,which determines that the ecologicalenvironment construction and poverty alleviation must be balanced. By analyzing the relationship between the construction and poverty inWumeng mountainous area and Nanjian County in the article, it is necessary to repair the ecosystem, but also to develop ecological economy.To solve specific problem on the countys poverty and the deterioration of the ecological environment, we should build ecologicalengineering project, create an ecological tourist area and the innovative labor transfer mode,etc.