Abstract: By contrast with the Hans, the living and security questions of the rural old in the west minority areas of China are more serious. It is in line with this reality that the author through the datum of questionnaires summarizes the actual conditions of living and security of the west minority areas rural old from the old-age people income, expenditure, life care, medical insurance and care mode etc. , and points out the living and security of rural elderly present some problems in the west minority areas, such as the income is uncertain, the ratio of joining the new farmers old-age insurance(NFOI) and the NCMS is low and the long-term maintenance of rural homes is difficult etc., and puts forward through developing agricultural economy, increasing the government subsidy of the NFOI and the NCMS, enhancing the ability of self-development of rural homes to solve these problems.