Abstract: The success of new rural construction could be investigated from four aspects: scientific system design, acceptance and recognition of farmers withpolicy and practice of the new rural construction, scientific rationality of practice mechanism, and fully realizing in initial performance of system design. Farmers social cognition of new rural construction, namely the acceptance and recognition about new rural construction policy and practice, is very important, which directly affects thesuccess of new rural construction. Based on the four aspects, the author selects three model villages in three provinces from the center, east and west of China, respectively，centering on farmers social recognition condition of system design，practical mechanism，system performance of new rural construction，and then，analyzes survey result scientifically，at last，proposes the rational thinking.