Abstract: The cultural construction is an important content and an important guarantee of building new socialist countryside, and meanwhile provides intellectual support and thespiritual power. Farmers are the main body of building new socialist countryside, their quality is critical to successfully building new socialist countryside. Taking County ofPutian City as a case study, the author made a survey of farmer quality in three different types of administrative villages. The survey results show that the key factorsrestricting the improvement of farmer quality involve the level of education, income, ideology and so on. In order to improve the farmer quality of Xianyou County, finally, theauthor puts forward feasible measures aimed at the above factors.