Abstract: Ling wine, produced in more than 3000 yearsago, is a kind of speciality of Hengyang region of Hunan province. From the Western Jin dynasty, Ling wine was treasured as a royal tribute in the imperialancestral temple for the emperors to worship the ancestors and the heaven. Then in Tang and Song dynasty, ling wine industry became the pillar of thegovernment economy. But the Ling wine industry declined in Yuan dynasty. Natural calamities, wine policies of the government, the growth of other kinds ofwine and the preference of the ruling class are the main reasons of the decline of Ling wine industry. It is helpful for us to develop commodity economyafter analyzing these reasons.