Abstract: This paper has carried out investigation on the new rural cooperative medical care of operating conditions of Hunan province Fengmuqiao village with the questionnaire， interview etc. Through researching for the awareness of the new rural cooperative medical care, satisfaction, problems and benefits of farmers, implementation effects etc, this paper concludes that it should follow the principles of voluntary participation of farmers and go to see a doctor on the spot reimbursement, it must reduce the pay line, improve reimbursement ratio, expand the scope of reimbursement, start up outpatient reimbursement, it should strengthen the basic-level hospital infrastructure construction, increase poverty-stricken medical subsidy of peasants, lower drug prices and normalize the supervision system of the new rural cooperative medical care，effectively.