Abstract: Yunnan northeast is a resourceful regions, but also ecological fragile area, if according the traditional extensive mode of production for resource development and utilization，both will cause a waste of resources, this also will lead to further deterioration of the ecological environment, eventually leading to nonsustainable economic development. This paper describes status of the resources development and utilization in northeastern Yunnan, analyzes the formation of ecologically fragile area and the impact on the environment, puts forward countermeasures of resource development and environmental protection of ecological fragile area in Northeast Yunnan. It will provide a selectable development path for the rational resources development and utilization in Yunnan, speed up economic development, and realize coordinated development of land, ecology, and environment.