Abstract: By studying the development of the navy,s strategic thinking of the last years of Qing Dynasty, the author points out although the navy of China was founded early in modern history, its strategic thinking was influenced deeply by defensive war on the land, so it remains great conservative. For a long time, Qing government took a passive strategy of defense against enemy landing operations, so that it comes to a situation of no defense forces, which led to Bei Yang Fleet's failure in Sino-Japanese War of Jiawu.