Abstract: This article analyzes the factors which affects the peasant household's agriculture productivity-oriented investment and the regional disparity of the peasant household's agriculture productivity-oriented investment, adopting the panel-data of 25 provinces of our country from 1990-2004.The result is that the rural area road, water conservancy, common investment of communication, peasant household's family savings deposit, building assets, land scale, the price of outputs and inputs and the non-agriculture employed labor have notable effect to peasant household's agriculture productivity-oriented investment. And there are some discrepancy of different area: the effect of the water conservancy, common investment of communication are notable to the whole area, the effect of the rural area road is notable to the east, the effect of land scare is notable to the east, the price of outputs and inputs are notable to the west and the middle part area, and the trend that the marginal products of capital is decreasing is notable to the middle part area than the east and the west parts.