Abstract: Rural area is the “stabilizer and reservoir” in China’ s socialist modernization construction, but environmental pollution restrict the rural social and economic development, and the physical and mental health of farmers will also be seriously threatened. Taking Hanyuan County as an example, this paper analyzes the causes and current situation of rural environmental pollution by means of literature search, questionnaire survey and field survey. It is found that Hanyuan County Government has achieved remarkable results in rural garbage treatment in recent years, but it is very weak in rural soil pollution and water pollution control. Combined with the actual situation of Hanyuan County, this paper puts forward the measures and suggestions of rural environmental pollution control.