Abstract: The earthquake disaster, which has the characteristics of great destruction and sudden intensity, will not only destroy the infrastructure of agricultural land, rural water conservancy and traffic and communication, but also cause significant influence and damage to agricultural output and rural human capital. In this paper, the impact of earthquake on regional agricultural economy is evaluated by using the panel data in 2000-2016 of Western China. The results show that the earthquake caused the decrease of agricultural output by about 10.6% and the decrease of agricultural population by about 7.53%. At the same time, through the analysis of regional heterogeneity, it is found that the earthquake is more destructive to the agricultural economy in the southwest than in the northwest, and the earthquake only has a negative impact on the agricultural output of the northwest region, and the earthquake will have a negative effect on the agricultural population and output in the southwest region.