Abstract: At present,our country has entered the new period of the China's special society in new era, the construction of ecology is extremely urgent.In the main body of the ecological construction,our government is the guider and supervisor,the task of enterprises is to provide products,while the foundation is the practice of public.The smooth development of ecological construction depends not only on the good ecological cognition of the public, but also on the specific ecological behavior of the public. We survey 1 064 people from the aspects of ecological consciousness, ecological knowledge as well as ecological behavior, and the result shows: the public has the basic ecological cognition and it is optimistic on the ecological prospect; the public's ecological behavior is significantly correlated with the public's occupation, income and the degree of education; citizens and governments have the most close relationship with environmental protection, and have the most important responsibility in solving environmental problems; attention should be paid to guide and exert the publicity of mass media, especially the new media.