Abstract: The study of non-grain cultivated land is of great significance to the protection and rational use of cultivated land. Based on the relevant data from 1998 to 2022, the spatio-temporal pattern evolution and influencing factors of non-grain cultivated land in Anhui counties were analyzed by using spatial analysis and mathematical statistics. The results showed that the non-grain rate of the whole province and the north, middle and south of Anhui province all showed a downward trend; the non-grain type of cultivated land at county level had the spatial evolution characteristics of one increase, one decrease and two stability, and the spatial range changed significantly, with a large proportion of low and moderate non-grain;there are significant regional differences and local spatial agglomeration characteristics of non-grain rate in the county, which are high value and low value agglomeration.There are significant differences in the influencing factors in different regions, and the order of influence from big to small is per capita cultivated land area > urbanization rate > proportion of agricultural employment population > slope > proportion of effective irrigation. In order to prevent the non-grain tendency of cultivated land and effectively stabilize grain production, measures should be taken to strengthen the management of cultivated land use, strengthen government supervision and market guidance, and improve grain production capacity according to local conditions.