Abstract: The issue of farmers’ employment and income has always been one of the key points of national concern, and is also the central task of the work of “three rural” areas. The development of the digital economy and the consequent demand for highly skilled digital talents have provided more employment opportunities and increased income opportunities for the rural labor force. Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2020, this paper used OLS model to analyze the impact of digital literacy on wage income of rural labor. The results showed that: (1) Digital literacy had a significant positive impact on the wage income of rural labor; (2) The effect of digital literacy on wage income of rural labor force showed differences in employment forms and gender; (3) Digital literacy could enrich the human capital level of rural labor force, and then promote their wage income; (4) Digital literacy could improve the social capital level of rural labor force, and thus promote the increase of wage income. In order to promote the increase of wage income of rural labor force and realize common prosperity as soon as possible, the government should strengthen the digital literacy education of rural labor force by improving the construction of rural digital infrastructure, enhancing the subjective awareness of rural digital literacy, and improving the cultivation plan of rural residents’ digital literacy.