Abstract: As an important choice for farmers to respond to the change of man-land relationship, livelihood transformation has a profound impact on the development of agricultural industry and the effective implementation of rural revitalization strategy. As a new quality of productivity development in the era, new quality productivity is innovation-driven and high-quality productivity, which plays an important role in promoting farmers’ livelihood transformation. Based on theoretical logic, the development of new quality productivity provides the possibility for farmers’ livelihood transformation from “traditional” to “professional” , “extensive” to “intensive” , “single” to “multiple” , “survival” to “development” . However, in the process of transformation, farmers are also faced with the difficulties of single agricultural industry structure, extensive farmers’ production mode, insufficient knowledge of farmers, and insufficient material and economic security. Therefore, it is necessary to break through key technologies, cultivate agricultural talents, foster green development, and stabilize institutional innovation, so as to promote farmers’ livelihood transformation to the green and sustainable direction, and provide guarantee for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating agricultural and rural modernization.