Abstract: China is facing many problems such as rising labor costs, it is of great significance to promote the improvement of farmers’ income quality through labor mobility to achieve comprehensive rural revitalization. Based on the panel data of 30 provincial provinces in China from2011 to 2022, the entropy value method was used to measure the income quality level of farmers, the two-way fixed effect model was used to study the influence mechanism of labor flow on farmers’ income quality, and then the stepwise regression method was used to explore the indirect effect of economic development level as a mediating variable, and finally the heterogeneity analysis was carried out. The results showed that, the level of labor mobility had a positive impact on the quality of farmers’ income, and the conclusion was still valid after a series of robustness tests. Further analysis showed that, there were regional differences and policy differences in the impact of labor mobility on farmers’ income quality. The results of the intermediary effect test showed that, the level of economic development was an important mechanism affecting the quality of farmers’ income. It was proposed to establish and improve the labor mobility policy to promote regional coordinated development; improve the flexibility of the labour market and attract more labour resources; improve the labor market information system and promote the efficient use of mobile talents.