Abstract: As a big agricultural country, the development level of modern agriculture has a direct influence on the trend of future economic development and the achievement of agricultural power target. It is crucial to enhance the development level of modern agriculture in western regions, which will contribute to the comprehensive construction of a strong agricultural country and better promote the achievement of the national rural revitalization strategy goals. According to the resource endowment and development status of western China, this study constructed a modern agricultural industry development level evaluation index system divided into 14 indicators from four aspects: industrial production conditions, industrial management efficiency, industrial factor integration and industrial green development. Then selected the panel data of 11 western provinces and regions from 2011 to 2021, and the entropy weight TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation model was used to evaluate and compare them. The results showed that, the development trend of modern agricultural industry in the above regions was good, and the regional gradient difference of the north was higher than that of the south in general, and the development level of different provinces and regions was obviously stratified, and the change trend of different sub-levels was different and there was a certain degree of shortcomings. In view of the dual problems of slow development and unbalanced development of modern agricultural industry in western China, this article proposed that, North and South jointly develop to reduce regional disparities; Science and technology innovation to consolidate rural revitalization achievements; Multi-dimensional optimization, cultivating new forms of agricultural industry and adapting to local conditions, giving play to ecological advantages and other countermeasures and suggestions.