Abstract: Due to the rigid constraints of ecological environment, the narrow and scattered area of cultivated land and the limited technology of agricultural production, the development of agricultural economy must take the road of ecological agriculture. Taking Erhai Lake, a typical plateau lake, as an example, and based on the ecological environment data and regional development trend of Erhai Lake Basin in recent years, we use qualitative economic forecasting method to analyze the current situation of ecological agriculture in Erhai Lake Basin in terms of scientific and technological input, product production quality and the combination of ecological agriculture with the second and third industries, to grasp the difficulties faced by ecological agriculture at the present stage, adapt measures to local conditions, give precise measures, and to make use of the unique natural resources and human environment of Erhai Lake Basin in order to better realize ecological agriculture effective coordination between agriculture and high-quality economic development. The conclusion has certain reference significance for promoting the sustainable development of ecological agriculture in plateau lakes similar to Erhai Lake Basin.