Abstract: System governance of the mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grass is an important content of XI Jinping’ s ecological development concept of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and it provides an effective path for ecological management. Dali Prefecture keeps in mind the requirements and expectations put forward by General Secretary XI Jinping on the ecological civilization construction of Dali Prefecture focusing on the protection of Erhai Lake, takes ecology as the foundation of the state, and deeply promotes the construction of ecological civilization, and has carried out practical exploration on the system governance of the mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grass, preliminary formation of the “Erhai Lake Model” . This article analyzes the philosophical basis and scientific connotation of the system governance of the mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grass, combined with the vivid practice of Dali Prefecture’ s system governance of the mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grass, and the countermeasures are put forward for system governance of the mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grass in the new development stage.