Abstract: As an important part of China’ s governance system, rural cadres play a vital role in the governance capacity and governance system at the grass-roots level. Based on a survey of 73 villages in Honghe Prefecture, it is found that rural areas, especially deeply impoverished areas, are affected by geographical environment and natural conditions, and a large number of young and middle-aged laborers who are willing to get out of poverty enter cities to work, resulting in a “hollowing” phenomenon in a number of villages. On the one hand, the rural “hollowing out” brings severe challenges to the construction of the village cadre team; On the other hand, it has seriously affected the effective governance of the grass-roots society. To resolve the “hollowing” dilemma in rural areas, we must strictly control the review of village cadres, build a strong village cadre team, and increase investment support as a guarantee, continue to attract outstanding talents to enrich the village cadre team; to increase supervision and management as a starting point, Encourage village cadres to properly exercise their powers and perform their duties, and promote grassroots governance capabilities and governance systems to a new level.