Abstract: China’ s rural poverty reduction has made remarkable achievements from the founding of the People’ s Republic of China by now. There are three reasons for China’ s great achievements in poverty reduction: first, the rapid economic growth, especially the development of rural economy, has laid a material foundation for poverty reduction; secondly, the continuous innovation of poverty alleviation model has provided effective governance strategies for poverty reduction in different periods, especially the introduction of targeted poverty alleviation, which has played an important role in promoting poverty alleviation in the new era and building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way; Thirdly, the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, mainly including the party’ s centralized and unified leadership, concentrated efforts to do big things, people-centered and the advantages of the socialist market economy system, provides institutional guarantee for poverty reduction.