Abstract: Wheat production efficiency is related to national food security. Based on the survey data of Guoyang and Mengcheng counties in the north of Anhui Province, and on the basis of calculating the technical efficiency of wheat farmers’ production, this paper uses the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to study the path to improve the technical efficiency of wheat farmers’ production. The results show that there are three paths for the formation of high production technical efficiency. Wheat farmers with different ages, educational levels and planting scale have different paths to achieve high production technical efficiency. Countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: (1) cultivate specialized farmers to improve the quality of farmers; (2) moderate management scale; (3) increase the technical training for wheat farmers.