Abstract: According to national and local economy and animal husbandry data of southwest China from 2009 to 2018, we quantitatively analyze the resource endowment coefficient, comprehensive advantage index and specialization coefficient as well as the correlation of different indicators of beef cattle industry in Southwest China. The results indicated that: (1) Cattle stock in Southwest China averagely accounts for 36.6% of the whole country. As the traditional main producing area of beef cattle in China, beef cattle in southwest China develop quickly in past years. However, the average beef yield accounts for only 18.9% of the whole country; therefore, the Southwest Region, has a certain resource endowment advantage, but does not have comprehensive comparative advantage. (2)There are significant differences in breeding scale, resource endowment, comprehensive comparative advantage and development speed between regions in southwest China. The order of advantages could be classified as Tibet, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi, and Chongqing. (3) In Yunnan, it has both scale, resource endowment and comprehensive comparative advantage. Guizhou has the advantage of development speed. For both regions, they could take beef cattle industry development as the key priority. while Guangxi and Chongqing have no comparative advantage, Tibet has outstanding resource endowment and comprehensive comparative advantage. Sichuan has the advantage of breeding scale. and the regional advantage difference has not changed substantially; (4) based on the local characteristics, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces can accelerate the transformation of beef cattle industry from resource endowment advantage to comprehensive comparative advantage by optimizing the allocation of resources, expanding the scale of breeding and guiding the beef cattle industry to take the road of large-scale development.