Abstract: Integrated rice-crayfish farming system is a complex farming mode which combines rice cultivation and aquaculture organically, and has developed rapidly in Anhui Province in recent years. In this paper, based on the area expansion, comprehensive benefits and main representative models, the development status of integrated rice-crayfish farming system in Anhui Province was elaborated, and the problems in the development process of the model, such as insufficient basic theoretical research, imperfect supporting technology system, low level of industrial development and “emphasize crayfish but neglect rice” were pointed out. Through SWOT analysis, the author analyzes the internal conditions and external environment of developing integrated rice-crayfish farming system in Anhui Province, and further puts forward the corresponding solutions: carry out theoretical research in depth to build the rice-crayfish technical system; actively guide the scale development, optimize and upgrade the industrial structure; adhere to the dominant position of rice to promote the breeding of rice and crayfish. Finally, the development prospect of integrated rice-crayfish farming system was envisioned, in order to promote the development of integrated rice-crayfish farming system and its whole industry chain in Anhui Province and even the whole country.