Abstract: The choice of peasants’ behavior of farming and working is the fundamental issue to deeply understand the rural hollowing out problems and realize the sustainable development of agriculture and the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. The particularity of the region in which the rural population is located also leads to the heterogeneity of its behavior choice and influencing factors to some extent. Based on the investigation and the Heckman two-stage model, this paper studied the rural peasant groups in the suburbs of chongzhou city, Sichuan Province. This paper found that affected by education level is no longer a farmer farming or working behavior selection of the most critical factors, and gender, marriage, health, and personal factors such as consumption and family factors such as cultivated land, family economic status on their behavior selection has more significant effect. And then it puts forward some suggestions to guide the suburban farmers to choose proper behaviors from the perspective of the guidance mechanism of behavior choice, the implementation of agricultural subsidy policy and the improvement of rural social security system.