Abstract: The basic value orientation of Marx and Engels’ thought of urban and rural integration is to always pay attention to people’ s interests and strive to realize people’ s free and all-round development. At present, China is faced with some difficulties in the process of human urbanization, which are mainly reflected in the difficulties in the identity transformation of peasant workers in the household registration system, labor division dilemma of the semi-farming and semi-working of peasant workers’ families, and the difficulties in the psychological “urbanization” of migrant workers. The urbanization of people is an integral part of the overall development of people in the new era. In order to realize the urbanization of human beings, it is necessary to establish a people-oriented concept and improve the residence permit system, strengthen the construction of small and medium-sized towns and promote urban-rural integration; improve the multiple guarantee mechanism for farmers whose land has been expropriated; guide the political participation of migrant workers to meet their multi-level needs.