Abstract: In the new era of rural governance, farmers are one of the indispensable subjects. To play the main role of farmers, it is necessary to give full play to their subjective initiative in participating in rural governance, and to become the beneficiaries and evaluators of the achievements of rural governance. However, in the current rural governance, the main position of farmers is lack, mainly manifested in the lack of farmers’ main rights, poor channels of participation, lack of motivation, ability, and so on. Its internal motivation lies in the solidification of the management system of urban and rural dualism, the improper management of grass-roots party organizations, the backward development of rural economy, and the low level of rural education. Based on this, we must respect the wishes and initiative of farmers and improve the villagers’ self-reliance governing organizations, speeding up the development of rural economy, cultivating new type of professional farmers and other links to give full play to the main role of farmers.