Abstract: In the process of promoting rural environmental pollution control, farmers are not only the main body of practice, but also the main body of value. At present, there are some difficulties in the prevention and control of rural environmental pollution, such as the absence of farmers’ main consciousness, the dislocation of government role, and the elimination of rural environmental protection goals by capital profit. Based on the analysis of the root causes of the problem, we need to start from three aspects to get out of the above dilemma. First, it is necessary to strengthen rural education and enhance farmers’ awareness and ability of environmental protection; second, to improve the rural environmental legal system and provide legal basis for farmers to participate in accordance with the law in an orderly manner; and third, to form a strong joint force between the government and farmers by balancing the relationship between government environmental management and farmers’ autonomy to promote the improvement of the rural environment.