Abstract: The structural unemployment situation of agricultural college students is still grim, and the construction of new agricultural sciences provides new opportunities for the cultivation of talents in agricultural colleges. How to strengthen professional construction and alleviate the employment predicament of agricultural college students, “Anji Consensus”, “Beidang Operation” and “Beijing Guide” had pointed out new directions for agricultural colleges. From the perspective of demand, the promotion of rural agricultural modernization by new industries and new formats has put forward new requirements for the professional construction of agricultural colleges. Agricultural colleges should clarify the real needs of their professional construction on the basis of national strategic development and industrial adjustment trends, and regional agricultural development needs. From the perspective of supply, the specialty construction of agricultural colleges and universities needs to focus on the construction of specialty and superior disciplines, clarify the old majors that need to be eliminated and the new majors that are just in need, the standards for professional certification, and the caliber and standards of large-scale enrollment, improve professional construction quality, guarantee the characteristics and advantages of professional construction. To completely solve the current problem of structural unemployment among college students, it is necessary for the government, social subjects, and agricultural colleges to work together to play an irreplaceable role in each part, improve the professional construction level and the quality of talent training, and achieve a balanced supply and demand in order to solve the root cause problem.