Abstract: The key to establishment and solution of the long-term mechanism of relative poverty in the post-poverty era and the realization of the strategy of rural revitalization and the integrated development of urban and rural areas is to fundamentally remove the “obstacle” of poverty caused by disease. The guarantee object of the health poverty alleviation policy is the poor households identified in 2016 and after. The income of the rural poor marginal households is slightly higher than that of the registered poor households. When the poor marginal households encounter diseases, they are likely to fall into poverty, resulting in the phenomenon of “poverty cliff ” and “poverty caused by disease and poverty returned due to disease” in the field of poverty alleviation. For rural health poverty alleviation outside the scope of protection and treatment of poor group, especially the edge of poverty, rural medical security policy and supplementary commercial insurance, serious illness of a serious illness medical assistance and government assistance again “patch” policy such as cohesion, to upgrade the rural medical security policy for “big health poverty alleviation” pattern, can effectively restrain cliff “poverty” and “because of sickness poor, return to poverty due to illness” phenomenon.