Abstract: Rural revitalization needs to be rooted in a solid theoretical foundation, but the existing research theories are insufficient, and classical Marxism is more“empty.”Based on the classical Marxist theoretical paradigm to study rural revitalization, we can accurately grasp the evolution mechanism, realistic dilemma, fundamental path and countermeasures of rural revitalization: the 70-year history of rural revitalization in New China has gone through the urban and rural“separation-opposing-integration”areas due to different mechanisms such as government promotion, market promotion, and joint promotion of government and market; rural revitalization is confined to the“double”imbalance of urban and rural development, the lack of reality and the lack of institutional supply; the fundamental path of rural revitalization is urban-rural integration; the fundamental countermeasures to promote rural revitalization are using the achievements, systems, practical methods and research methods of new urbanization.