Abstract: The network ideological and political education of college students in the new era is unique, which is mainly manifested in the unity of the mainstream duality and non-mainstream pluralism of educational theory, the coordination between the equality of discourse power of educational “double subjects” and the two-way information sharing, the dynamic nature of information resources of educational content and the complexity of disordered information, and the fusion of the hidden and offline education of educational effect. The subject, object and carrier of college students’ ideological and political education on the Internet are facing a series of challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the new direction by insisting on the party’ s overall leadership of network ideological and political education, to optimize the network quality structure of network ideological and political educators and undertake the new mission, to cultivate the network literacy of the ideological and political education objects and promote positive energy. We should strengthen the orderly construction of cyberspace and constantly optimize ideological and political education on the Internet.