Abstract: Generally speaking, individualization is the product of modernization, and the most essential characteristic of individualization is the change of relationship between individual and society. Since the reform and opening up, the organization and governance of the rural society are facing severe challenges with the deconstruction of the rural society by the modern economic society: the rural society is experiencing individualized changes to varying degrees, and the individual farmers are constantly breaking away from the traditional structure. Based on the individualization theory, this paper reviews the changes between individual farmers and rural social organization structure and management power from the perspective of social change. It analyzes the challenges to rural social governance caused by structurally characteristic changes of rural social governance in the process of individualization of rural society. On this basis, the social foundation of rural social governance is reconstructed from the three levels of villagers’ subject foundation, organizational foundation and cultural value foundation.