Abstract: Based on the typical fact that current gap between urban and rural environmental levels in China,in order to build an environment-friendly society, residents ’ environmental behavior is an important starting point for building an environment-friendly society.This article uses the 2013 China Comprehensive Social Survey (CGSS) data to empirically test the impact of income on residents ’ environmental behaviors. The results show that: the improvement of income level can effectively improve the environmental protection behavior of residents. From the perspective of urban and rural areas, the improvement of income level has a significant effect on the environmental behavior of urban residents, but it cannot effectively improve the environmental protection of rural residents ’ behavior. Environmental attitudes have a significant positive impact on environmental behaviors, and it can improve the environmental behavior of rural residents by improving their environmental attitudes.Therefore, environmental policies and environmental governance should be inclined to the rural areas, and through policy interventions to balance the impact of income levels on the environmental behavior of urban and rural residents, through environmental protection publicity and education as well as rewards and punishments in parallel, to improve the environmental attitudes of rural residents, from micro improve the environmental behavior of rural residents.