Abstract: Agricultural pollution discharge is serious in China. It is of great significance to study whether the environmental regulation policy adopted by the Chinese government can achieve“win-win”in promoting technological progress in agricultural production and environmental protection. Based on the agricultural data of all provinces in China from 2011 to 2017, this paper uses the super-efficiency DEA model to measure the total factor productivity, technological efficiency and technological progress of China ’s agricultural sector, and uses the fixed-effect regression model and the system GMM method to measure the current and lagging environmental regulation on the technological progress of agricultural production. The results are as follows: (1) China ’s total factor productivity of agriculture mainly comes from the improvement of production technology level and the level of agricultural production technology progress in various regions is still growing rapidly; (2) command-based environmental regulation tools play a promoting role in the immediate progress of agricultural technology, lagging behind one-stage command-based, incentive-based and voluntary-based environmental regulation has a positive impact on agricultural production technology, and it is significant in statistical sense. Therefore, in the process of promoting environmental regulation policy, the Chinese government should, on the one hand, strengthen environmental regulation, on the other hand, pay attention to the way and implementation of environmental regulation.