Abstract: With the urgent task of comprehensively realizing targeted measures in poverty alleviation and winning the war of relieving poverty in China, centralized resettlement for the poor from different areas to go upstairs is the final result of the precise poverty alleviation policy. Based on the survey data of the poverty-stricken households in the remote areas of Yuzhong County, the factor analysis method is used to calculate the happiness index of the poor households going upstairs, and to analyze the factors affecting the happiness of farmers and to explore the improvement path of farmers' happiness. The results show that: (1) The overall happiness of poor households is not high after going upstairs, and the happiness index is 46.95, which lies in the general happiness level; (2) Health and economic factors have the greatest impact on the happiness of the poor going upstairs, followed by psychological appeal factors, and social integration and policy satisfaction factors are weak; (3) At the level of material demand, the income of the family, the number of workers, and the employment situation are significantly positively correlated with the happiness of the poor households, the social security and household consumption expenditures are significantly negatively correlated with the happiness of the farmers; (4) At the level of spiritual expectations, psychological pressures such as employment pressure, burden of life, and hidden dangers of land loss are significantly negatively correlated with farmers' happiness. Therefore, improving the employment rate of poor farmers, improving the social security system for poor households and alleviating the living and psychological burdens of farmers after going upstairs are effective ways to improve the happiness of poor households.