Abstract: The rural " three changes” reform innovatively invigorates rural natural resources, human resources and economic resources, it explores the establishment of a long-term mechanism for precise poverty alleviation by increasing the asset income of poor people, it deepens the reform of rural collective property rights system, and promotes agricultural efficiency, farmers’income growth, and the prosperity of the countryside, which led to the transformation of poverty alleviation and development from the traditional" blood-transfer”poverty alleviation to the" hematopoietic”poverty alleviation. Based on the investigation of rural" three changes”reform practice in Fuyang City of Anhui Province, the paper analyzes the mechanism, practice mode, constraints and optimization design of rural" three changes”reform, with a view to promote rural economic development and promote the establishment of a long-term mechanism for precise poverty alleviation.