Abstract: The proposal of rural revitalization strategy provides an important opportunity for rural revitalization to achieve leapfrog development. However, the phenomenon of rural hollowing out is a realistic problem to be faced in the realization of the rural revitalization strategy. The hollowing out of rural areas is mainly characterized by the hollowing out of the main body, rural production, infrastructure, and the degeneration of grassroots organizations. If this situation is not managed, it will inevitably lead to the lack of the main body of rural governance, the weak development of rural economy and the frequent consequences of rural social problems. Basing on the factors of economy, institution, ideological concepts, the thought of Marx’s" economic production − social structure − political field − spiritual culture field”can explore the main reasons for rural hollowing out. Combining with the new era background of rural revitalization strategy, it explores the fundamental path of managing rural hollowing out from the perspective of mobilizing farmers, the main body returns, vigorously revitalizing the rural economy, eliminating the duality between urban and rural areas, strengthening the rural public infrastructure and other dimensions.