Abstract: Based on the survey data of 167 rural households in 6 counties of Guizhou Province, this paper uses the dual Logistic regression model to probes into the cognition of damage of the rights and interests and the difference of influencing factors in the process of housing land quittance. The results showed that the proportion of farmers who perceived their rights and interests to be damaged was 34.73% and 65.27% respectively. The main factors influencing the cognition of farmers' rights and interests are the age of the head of household, the education level of the head of household, the number of family population, the coefficient of maintenance, the total income of the family, the area of the homestead, the situation and the channels of understanding. Under the condition of significant level, the age of the head of household, the number of family population, the area of homestead and the channels of understanding have a positive effect on the cognition of farmers' rights and interests, the education level of head of household, the coefficient of maintenance, the total income of the family and the situation of understanding have the negative effect. In the process of homestead reclamation in the future, according to different regions, different types of farmers take targeted policies and measures to effectively promote homestead reclamation under the premise of uniform compensation standard.