Abstract: Based on the theory of structural holes, this paper analyzes the behavior of farmers in rural social networks, and combines the characteristics of key areas of rural revitalization to reveal the nature of the "hollowing" of rural society is the break of the social network formed by traditional rural residents. More and more atomized farmers, and they can not afford the responsibility of revitalizing the countryside. The backbone farmers have become a structural hole supplement in rural social networks due to their high degree of subject identity and close relationship with market mechanisms. They play an important role in undertaking policy resources, connecting small farmers and coordinating the interests of all parties, and analyzing their existing problems. On the basis of the proposal, the government departments will optimize their role in nurturing and introducing, strengthening supporting infrastructure construction, and actively guiding the peasants to participate in rural governance.