Abstract: Compulsory education in rural areas is the basis for solving the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers. Statistics from 2011 to 2016 show that the number of pupils and full-time teachers in primary and junior middle schools in Yunnan is on the rise in cities and towns, while that in rural areas is on the decline. The ratio of teachers to students in urban and rural general middle schools has not reached the national standard; the expenditure of education and career expenditure in urban and rural students' percapita budget has increased year by year, but the development is unbalanced, and rural junior middle schools are less than urban junior middle schools. The analysis shows that the main factors affecting the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education in Yunnan are the dual system of urban and rural areas, the lagging infrastructure, the gap in funding, the inequality of teachers and the low level of per capita education. To speed up the integration of urban and rural compulsory education in Yunnan, we need to innovate the concept of coordinated development of urban and rural compulsory education, improve the management system of compulsory education, improve the mechanism of resource sharing and the evaluation and supervision system of compulsory education on the premise of further improving infrastructure.