Abstract: Using the agricultural companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2012 to 2016 as the research sample, the factor analysis method was used to obtain the total index of the research enterprise performance, and the regression analysis method was used to verify the relationship between the debt financing term structure of the agricultural listed company and the enterprise performance. The relationship concluded that the larger the long-term debt ratio of the selected sample companies, the better the company's performance, the direct relationship between the two, while the short-term debt financing is just the opposite.