Abstract: Shandong province is a populous agricultural province. The continuous transfer of rural labor force to non-agriculture has effectively promoted the increase of farmers'income and promoted the development of rural and urban economic and social development. But this transfer has also affected the development of agricultural production. It is found that the transfer of agricultural labor force in Shandong province is characterized by young and middle-aged people, part-time jobs and the increasing proportion of women. At the same time, there are a series of economic and social problems such as transfer employment pressure, left-behind elderly people and left-behind children. The study will describe the current situation of rural labor transfer in Shandong province, analyze the characteristics of rural labor transfer in the scale, gender, age, region and industry, and discuss the impact of rural labor transfer on economic and social development, at last, put forward the countermeasures of accelerating the development of rural second and tertiary industries and agricultural industrialization and how to cope with the social problems arising from the transfer of rural labor force.