Abstract: Fiscal policy is an important factor affecting the structure of agricultural supply, and plays an important role in agricultural supply and its structural adjustment. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China (except Tibet) in 1997-2015 years, the system generalized moment estimation (SYS-GMM) and other measurement methods were used to investigate the expenditure of financial support for agriculture and the structure of agricultural supply. The results show that, in general, the financial support expenditure has a "U" feature of the agricultural supply structure effect. From the time difference, the "U" effect of the financial support expenditure on the agricultural supply structure after 2003 is more significant; from the perspective of regional differences, the eastern region shows a "∩" feature, and the central and western regions show "U" feature.