Abstract: The key to the revitalization of the countryside is the revitalization of the industry. Small-scale farmers are indispensable to our country and long term agriculture, the efficiency of their productivity is crucial to the revitalization of the country's industry. In this paper, the wheat production efficiency was measured and analyzed by SBM-Tobit model in 150 households in Shenqiu county, Henan province. The results show that the production efficiency of small farmers is low. The gender of the producers and the level of education have a significant effect on production efficiency, however, the expansion of the land has a inhibitory effect. The age of the producers, concurrently business, the family and the agro-earnings ratio also affect the productivity of wheat. On this basis, the author puts forward some suggestions to improve the productivity of small farmers.