Abstract: With the overall transformation of the social structure and the accelerating urbanization, a large number of young people in rural areas have gone out to work. Most of the villages in China have become left-behind villages, and the rural elderly have become left-behind elderly. Due to a long period of not being able to meet their children, the rural left-behind elderly people are not optimistic about their living conditions and mental state. In order to analyze the difficulties in the life of left-behind elderly people in rural areas, the interview method was used to conduct field research on 30 left-behind elderly people in yicheng county, Shanxi Province. In common, the survey found rural left-behind elderly poor economic conditions, body function weakened, overburdened, loss of life care, way of life of a single, the rural security system is not perfect, not to protect, slow development of rural old-age service agencies, not to care. According to the existing problems of rural left-behind people, this paper puts forward that by developing the rural economy, it will attract the rural young people to return to the labor force and rebuild the culture of filial piety, so that the old people can get old. We will accelerate the improvement of the rural security system so that the elderly can get old. Active construction of rural pension institutions, let the elderly old help; strengthen rural infrastructure construction, let old people old help; we will strengthen the construction of rural culture and realize the old people's happiness.