Abstract: Since there are highly corresponding relations among ecological diversity, biodiversity and cultural diversity, ecological anthropology has become an appropriate perspective to analyze Yunnan's local glutinous rice varieties. By enumerating its ecological function and cultural significance through the media of rice, we can understand the people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan and their intelligence to adapt to the local natural environment. By investigating the history of the rice cultivars, we can be aware of the formation and the change of glutinous rice varieties diversity in Yunnan. The above three diversities and its cooperative relations are precious wealth with important significance. We should enhance the understanding to this agricultural cultural heritage, establish the protection mechanism, and ensure the inheritance of living state.