Abstract: It has a positive influence on farmers' taking initiative actions of the quality safety when the quality safety cost of agricultural products is separated from total cost and analyzed on the cost-benefit matching from the quality safety level. This paper analyzes the composition of quality safety cost of peppers and muskmelons which are important agricultural products from He county in Anhui province and cost-benefit matching of the quality safety based on the data from the questionnaire, which is found that there are two phenomenons including cost-benefit matching and cost-benefit mismatching. It further analyses the reasons for the cost-benefit mismatching of quality safety cost and also provides advice to improve the matching level of costs and benefits of the agricultural products from the perspective of government, agricultural producers and consumers.