Abstract: Pen and Ink is the most important element in Chinese painting.Through combing the history of the formation and evolution of the idea of pen and ink, this paper clearly puts forward the history of integrative development of artistic element of pen and ink.In this course, the artistic element of pen and ink got rid of constraint of modeling and developed to the direction of freehand brushwork in traditional Chinese painting, at last, the idea of pen and ink displaced the idea of artistic conception and became the main aesthetic category in Ming and Qing dynasty. This paper through combing the historical development of pen and ink idea,exploring the relationship between pen and ink and artistic concept, tried to appear a length of history about the development and evolution of the idea of pen and ink in Chinese landscape painting.